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Scientists say they've finally discovered why smokers tend to gain some weight when they kick the habit.
It turns out that nicotine can rev up brain cells that normally signal people to stop eating when they're full, researchers report in Friday's edition of the journal Science.
The weight connection isn't huge: On average, quitters gain less than 10 pounds. Still, it's a worry that many smokers cite when asked why they don't try to quit. Now the question is whether the discovery might lead to better treatments to help them quit without worrying about weight.
Yale University associate research scientist Yann Mineur stumbled onto the connection while studying a nicotine-related substance in mice - and the animals suddenly started eating less.
Nicotine hooks onto a variety of receptors, or docking sites, on the surface of cells. That's how it triggers addiction in one part of the brain.
But when it comes to weight, the Yale research found that both nicotine and the related drug cytisine were activating a different receptor than the one involved in addiction. This one is located on a small set of neurons in the hypothalamus, a region that regulates appetite.
When they gave nicotine to mice without that cellular pathway, it didn't help them lose weight like it did normal mice.
Smoking causes cancer, heart attacks and a host of other ailments so worry about modest weight gain shouldn't deter someone from quitting. But smokers who do have that concern should try nicotine-based smoking-cessation treatments, said study senior author Marina Picciotto, a Yale professor of psychiatry and neurobiology.
The other drug used in the mouse experiments, cytisine, is sold in Eastern Europe for smoking cessation but not in the U.S., and she'd like to see if there's data on the weight of smokers abroad who've used it.
Developing a drug to target only these specific receptors would be difficult, she cautions, because they're also involved in the body's stress responses in ways that could lead to such side effects as high blood pressure.
Tuesday, June 14, 2011
AKP In Turkey Fell Short Of Majority To Reform The Constitution
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Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan vowed to seek compromise with the opposition after his party won a thumping election victory but fell short of the majority needed to overhaul the constitution.
The Justice and Development Party (AKP) won 49.9 percent of the vote in Sunday's polls, according to unofficial results, its best electoral performance yet and the first time any party has won a third straight term in power while improving its support.
But the AKP, in power since 2002, fell just four seats short of the 330-seat majority it was seeking in the 550-member parliament to press ahead with a major constitutional overhaul without the support of other parties.
"The people have given us a message that the new constitution should be made through compromise, consultation and negotiation," Erdogan said in a victory speech from the balcony of the AKP headquarters late Sunday.
"We will not close our doors and (instead) go to the opposition," he said.
A new liberal constitution for EU-hopeful Turkey to replace its current one, the legacy of a 1980 military coup, was a pivotal AKP election pledge, even though Erdogan has refused to specify what the reform would entail.
The main opposition centre-left Republican People's Party came second with 25.9 percent of the vote and 135 parliamentary seats, followed by the Nationalist Action Party, which clinched 13 percent and 53 seats.
Along with the AKP, the Kurdish Peace and Democracy Party (BDP) was another big winner: its candidates, running as independents to get round a 10 percent national threshold for parties, increased the party's seats from 20 to 36.
BDP support could be crucial in drafting the new constitution, which the party says should recognise the Kurds as a distinct element of the nation and grant them autonomy. "The bridge the AKP would have to build with the BDP will lay the ground for the debate" about how the 26-year Kurdish conflict in southeast Turkey will be resolved, the Milliyet newspaper wrote.
The issue has loomed large for Erdogan: jailed Kurdish rebel leader Abdullah Ocalan has threatened that "all hell will break loose" after the polls unless sporadic contacts officials have had with him in prison are upgraded to serious negotiations.
Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan vowed to seek compromise with the opposition after his party won a thumping election victory but fell short of the majority needed to overhaul the constitution.
The Justice and Development Party (AKP) won 49.9 percent of the vote in Sunday's polls, according to unofficial results, its best electoral performance yet and the first time any party has won a third straight term in power while improving its support.
But the AKP, in power since 2002, fell just four seats short of the 330-seat majority it was seeking in the 550-member parliament to press ahead with a major constitutional overhaul without the support of other parties.
"The people have given us a message that the new constitution should be made through compromise, consultation and negotiation," Erdogan said in a victory speech from the balcony of the AKP headquarters late Sunday.
"We will not close our doors and (instead) go to the opposition," he said.
A new liberal constitution for EU-hopeful Turkey to replace its current one, the legacy of a 1980 military coup, was a pivotal AKP election pledge, even though Erdogan has refused to specify what the reform would entail.
The main opposition centre-left Republican People's Party came second with 25.9 percent of the vote and 135 parliamentary seats, followed by the Nationalist Action Party, which clinched 13 percent and 53 seats.
Along with the AKP, the Kurdish Peace and Democracy Party (BDP) was another big winner: its candidates, running as independents to get round a 10 percent national threshold for parties, increased the party's seats from 20 to 36.
BDP support could be crucial in drafting the new constitution, which the party says should recognise the Kurds as a distinct element of the nation and grant them autonomy. "The bridge the AKP would have to build with the BDP will lay the ground for the debate" about how the 26-year Kurdish conflict in southeast Turkey will be resolved, the Milliyet newspaper wrote.
The issue has loomed large for Erdogan: jailed Kurdish rebel leader Abdullah Ocalan has threatened that "all hell will break loose" after the polls unless sporadic contacts officials have had with him in prison are upgraded to serious negotiations.
Monday, June 13, 2011
The Great Pakistani Hero Sets World Record In Climbing Mount Everest In 4 days
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The northern areas of Pakistan are paradise on earth having scenic beauty and and highest mountains. But, the people are poor have no other source of income except guiding or serving the tourists. However, residents of this valley are hard working people. Sad Para is a smaller village of the valley, but this smaller village has created a great hero of the Nation Hassan Asad Sad Para. He could not get education due to poverty and having no school nearby. This great hero could not get any job in the country yet though he is well-known all the world as a conquerer of the Mount Everest Peak in 4 days and setting a world record. He climbed for the first 8125 meter high peak of killer mountain of Nanga Parbet in 1999, He conquered 8611 meter high world second highest peak K-2 with out oxygen kit 2004. During 2006, Hassan accompanied by his younger brother Muhammad Sadiq climbed 8035 meter high peak G-2 and with in one weak stepped on 8047 meter high peak G-1 and set world record. In 2007 conquered another 8047 meter high peak Bro Pack and thus climbed all the peaks in Pakistan having height more than 8000 meters. He was awarded award for his mountaineering services for the nation in 2007. He climbed the mount everest in May 2011 with in shortest time. This Pakistan hero has no job while his children are in schools. It is the responsibility of government to provide job to Hassan Sad Para.
The northern areas of Pakistan are paradise on earth having scenic beauty and and highest mountains. But, the people are poor have no other source of income except guiding or serving the tourists. However, residents of this valley are hard working people. Sad Para is a smaller village of the valley, but this smaller village has created a great hero of the Nation Hassan Asad Sad Para. He could not get education due to poverty and having no school nearby. This great hero could not get any job in the country yet though he is well-known all the world as a conquerer of the Mount Everest Peak in 4 days and setting a world record. He climbed for the first 8125 meter high peak of killer mountain of Nanga Parbet in 1999, He conquered 8611 meter high world second highest peak K-2 with out oxygen kit 2004. During 2006, Hassan accompanied by his younger brother Muhammad Sadiq climbed 8035 meter high peak G-2 and with in one weak stepped on 8047 meter high peak G-1 and set world record. In 2007 conquered another 8047 meter high peak Bro Pack and thus climbed all the peaks in Pakistan having height more than 8000 meters. He was awarded award for his mountaineering services for the nation in 2007. He climbed the mount everest in May 2011 with in shortest time. This Pakistan hero has no job while his children are in schools. It is the responsibility of government to provide job to Hassan Sad Para.
Tayyib Erdogon, Congratulations On Historical Victory May Allah Bless You And Bestowe A Leader Like You To Pakistan
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Turkey's ruling party is set for a record landslide win in Sunday's parliamentary polls and a third straight term in power, according to a projection and partial results.
A survey of results from sample ballot boxes across the country projected the AKP would get 50.3 percent of the vote, its highest electoral score so far, and enough parliamentary seats to once again form the government on its own.
The main opposition Republican People's Party (CHP) was set to finish second with 27.1 percent, followed by the Nationalist Action Party (MHP) with 12.7 percent, according to the projection, conducted by the A&G polling company for CNN Turk television.
An estimate of the distribution of seats in the 550-member parliament is hard but the AKP may narrowly clinch the 330-seat majority it is seeking to press ahead with plans to rewrite the constitution, the legacy of a 1980 military coup, A&G chairman Adil Gur said.
With more than 60 percent of the vote counted, the AKP was leading with 51.9 percent of the vote, according to results carried on CNN Turk. Its lead is expected to decrease a bit as counting progresses, since the first results come from the rural east, where the party is stronger compared to the more urban west, analysts said.
The AKP owes its enduring popularity mostly to economic success and improved public services following years of financial instability that haunted Turkey under shaky coalition governments in the past. Under the AKP, the economy grew by 8.9 percent in 2010, outpacing global recovery, and per capita income has doubled to $10,079.
Voting ended at 5:00 pm (1400 GMT) across the country, where more than 50 million people were eligible to vote, out of a population of some 73 million.
Earlier, an ecstatic crowd burst into cheers and applause as Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan arrived to vote in a school in Istanbul's Uskudar district, an AKP stronghold.
"Turkey is proud of you," the crowd chanted, as the prime minister shook hands with supporters.
Turkey's ruling party is set for a record landslide win in Sunday's parliamentary polls and a third straight term in power, according to a projection and partial results.
A survey of results from sample ballot boxes across the country projected the AKP would get 50.3 percent of the vote, its highest electoral score so far, and enough parliamentary seats to once again form the government on its own.
The main opposition Republican People's Party (CHP) was set to finish second with 27.1 percent, followed by the Nationalist Action Party (MHP) with 12.7 percent, according to the projection, conducted by the A&G polling company for CNN Turk television.
An estimate of the distribution of seats in the 550-member parliament is hard but the AKP may narrowly clinch the 330-seat majority it is seeking to press ahead with plans to rewrite the constitution, the legacy of a 1980 military coup, A&G chairman Adil Gur said.
With more than 60 percent of the vote counted, the AKP was leading with 51.9 percent of the vote, according to results carried on CNN Turk. Its lead is expected to decrease a bit as counting progresses, since the first results come from the rural east, where the party is stronger compared to the more urban west, analysts said.
The AKP owes its enduring popularity mostly to economic success and improved public services following years of financial instability that haunted Turkey under shaky coalition governments in the past. Under the AKP, the economy grew by 8.9 percent in 2010, outpacing global recovery, and per capita income has doubled to $10,079.
Voting ended at 5:00 pm (1400 GMT) across the country, where more than 50 million people were eligible to vote, out of a population of some 73 million.
Earlier, an ecstatic crowd burst into cheers and applause as Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan arrived to vote in a school in Istanbul's Uskudar district, an AKP stronghold.
"Turkey is proud of you," the crowd chanted, as the prime minister shook hands with supporters.
Sunday, June 12, 2011
US Is "Our Safety Blanket" Zardari Said----Wikileaks
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Asif Ali Zardari, expressing his views said, “ U.S. is “our safety blanket” and recounted how Benazir had returned despite the threats against her because of support and “clearance” from the U.S., according to the whistleblower Wikileaks’ disclosure of U.S. Ambassador’s cable dated January 28, 2008.
Zardari acknowledged that he had believed that the more he would get closer to General Kayani, the more Kayani would be weakened.
Wikileaks spilled the beans from one of the statements of Khayber Pukhtunkhaw Chief Minister, Amir Haider Khan Hoti. Peshawar U.S. Counsel Principal Officer Tracy’s cable dated April 30, 2009 sent to Washington said that Amir Haider Khan Hoti has appreciated the drone attacks, but he (Hoti) also said that he could never support it in public.
Lahore U.S. Counsel Principal Officer Brian Hunt said that former Governor Punjab, Salman Taseer flayed Shahbaz Sharif’s government. In a cable dated December 31, 2008, Brian Hunt wrote that Salman Taseer was of the view that Shahbaz Sharif’s government was highly heart burning. “Shahbaz Sharif is hard working, but just like my gardener. Brian Hunt in memo dated February 7, 2009 wrote that Salman Taseer has nothing to do with the lawyers’ long march and he is getting ready for celebrating Basant and he would see that whether the people give importance to Islamabad march or Basant party.
Islamabad’s U.S. diplomat Peter Bodde in his May 2, 2006 memo wrote that F-16 galore the thought of Pakistan Air Force. U.S. Ambassador N. W. Patterson in a cable dated February 7, 2008 sent to Washington stated that Pakistan seemed clouded with moral degradation.
Asif Ali Zardari, expressing his views said, “ U.S. is “our safety blanket” and recounted how Benazir had returned despite the threats against her because of support and “clearance” from the U.S., according to the whistleblower Wikileaks’ disclosure of U.S. Ambassador’s cable dated January 28, 2008.
Zardari acknowledged that he had believed that the more he would get closer to General Kayani, the more Kayani would be weakened.
Wikileaks spilled the beans from one of the statements of Khayber Pukhtunkhaw Chief Minister, Amir Haider Khan Hoti. Peshawar U.S. Counsel Principal Officer Tracy’s cable dated April 30, 2009 sent to Washington said that Amir Haider Khan Hoti has appreciated the drone attacks, but he (Hoti) also said that he could never support it in public.
Lahore U.S. Counsel Principal Officer Brian Hunt said that former Governor Punjab, Salman Taseer flayed Shahbaz Sharif’s government. In a cable dated December 31, 2008, Brian Hunt wrote that Salman Taseer was of the view that Shahbaz Sharif’s government was highly heart burning. “Shahbaz Sharif is hard working, but just like my gardener. Brian Hunt in memo dated February 7, 2009 wrote that Salman Taseer has nothing to do with the lawyers’ long march and he is getting ready for celebrating Basant and he would see that whether the people give importance to Islamabad march or Basant party.
Islamabad’s U.S. diplomat Peter Bodde in his May 2, 2006 memo wrote that F-16 galore the thought of Pakistan Air Force. U.S. Ambassador N. W. Patterson in a cable dated February 7, 2008 sent to Washington stated that Pakistan seemed clouded with moral degradation.
Exploitation Of weak Countries Under Food Safety System
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USA and European countries have implemented food security system in their countries under which the food item coming in the country are checked to show their people that government cares for their health. But, experts say that this food safety system is also the source of earnings and monopoly of multinational corporations. Because, the standards and regulations are fixed by the super markets that are the property of these corporations. For example if Pakistan wants to export grapes or fish to any European country the products must meet the standards that have been fixed by these super markets. If the super markets do not like any country they can ban for any unknown reason their food items exporting to Europe or USA. Some super markets are so strong that they decide where and how to grow some specific crops. At present, the food business of the world is worth $ 4 trillion. Half of this business is occupied by super markets. Thirty % of this business is in the hands of 15 15 super markets. Wall Mart, Gary 4, Tesco and Kroger earn more than dollars one trillion annually. If seen at the status of a country then these markets are the 13 richest county of the world.
USA and European countries have implemented food security system in their countries under which the food item coming in the country are checked to show their people that government cares for their health. But, experts say that this food safety system is also the source of earnings and monopoly of multinational corporations. Because, the standards and regulations are fixed by the super markets that are the property of these corporations. For example if Pakistan wants to export grapes or fish to any European country the products must meet the standards that have been fixed by these super markets. If the super markets do not like any country they can ban for any unknown reason their food items exporting to Europe or USA. Some super markets are so strong that they decide where and how to grow some specific crops. At present, the food business of the world is worth $ 4 trillion. Half of this business is occupied by super markets. Thirty % of this business is in the hands of 15 15 super markets. Wall Mart, Gary 4, Tesco and Kroger earn more than dollars one trillion annually. If seen at the status of a country then these markets are the 13 richest county of the world.
Saturday, June 11, 2011
Iran Has Arrested An US- Linked Spy
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Iran has arrested a foreign spy who planned to form a social network for creating riots before the Iranian Majlis (Parliament) election, semi-official Mehr news agency reported, without mentioning when the arrest was made.
The suspect, who is from one of Iran's neighbors, was to receive millions of dollars from the United States to a social network, Mehr quoted Iranian Intelligence Minister Heidar Moslehi as saying.
In the past years, the Iranian authorities have been accusing the U.S. and Israeli intelligence services of spying on Iran's military and nuclear programs.
The Iranian Intelligence Ministry announced on May 21 it had identified and dismantled a large spy network linked to the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), and arrested 30 American- linked spies.
Iranian nuclear officials have also accused the United States and Israel of cyber-attacks on Iran's Bushehr nuclear power plant computers but they have denied any serious damage to the facilities.
Three Americans, Josh Fattal, Sarah Shourd and Shane Bauer, were arrested in Iran on July 31, 2009 for illegally entering Iran 's western border and were later charged with espionage. The U.S. government considered the charges totally unfounded.
Sarah Shourd was released by Tehran's prosecutor in September on bail of 500,000 U.S. dollars due to her health situation, while another two are still detained in Iran.
Iran has arrested a foreign spy who planned to form a social network for creating riots before the Iranian Majlis (Parliament) election, semi-official Mehr news agency reported, without mentioning when the arrest was made.
The suspect, who is from one of Iran's neighbors, was to receive millions of dollars from the United States to a social network, Mehr quoted Iranian Intelligence Minister Heidar Moslehi as saying.
In the past years, the Iranian authorities have been accusing the U.S. and Israeli intelligence services of spying on Iran's military and nuclear programs.
The Iranian Intelligence Ministry announced on May 21 it had identified and dismantled a large spy network linked to the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), and arrested 30 American- linked spies.
Iranian nuclear officials have also accused the United States and Israel of cyber-attacks on Iran's Bushehr nuclear power plant computers but they have denied any serious damage to the facilities.
Three Americans, Josh Fattal, Sarah Shourd and Shane Bauer, were arrested in Iran on July 31, 2009 for illegally entering Iran 's western border and were later charged with espionage. The U.S. government considered the charges totally unfounded.
Sarah Shourd was released by Tehran's prosecutor in September on bail of 500,000 U.S. dollars due to her health situation, while another two are still detained in Iran.
He Who Can Control The Food Can Rule The World-- Henery Kesenger
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The well-known former Foreign Secretary of the USA Henry Kesenger once said," Any country that controls the food can rule the world, because no body can see his beloved children hungry and bows his head." His this saying is hundred percent correct. His own country the USA defeated Red Indians by using this weapon. Americans fired thousands of buffaloes that were the diet item of red Indians. But in the recent era the ways and means have changed to make the other countries and people slave and capturing the countries. This task is done by multi national companies that on their own place are so strong and have the status of powerful states. The food sector is in the control of these companies. Ten to twelve strong companies control all sales purchases fix the prices. let us have a look on the strongest multinational company of Switzerland, Glencore that is so powerful financially, if it were a country then it would have been the 24th largest state of the world regarding GDP. Glencore has assets worth $ 61 billion and is the owner of 10 % of wheat, 25 % of sunflower transactions in the world. Moreover, it occupies 50 % of copper, 60 % of zinc,38 % almonium, 28% of coal and 45 % of lead trade in the world market. Kris Hindi the editor of American Magazine "Mining Journal" says that Glencore is among those few companies that does not take prices but fixes prices of the commodities in the world market.
The well-known former Foreign Secretary of the USA Henry Kesenger once said," Any country that controls the food can rule the world, because no body can see his beloved children hungry and bows his head." His this saying is hundred percent correct. His own country the USA defeated Red Indians by using this weapon. Americans fired thousands of buffaloes that were the diet item of red Indians. But in the recent era the ways and means have changed to make the other countries and people slave and capturing the countries. This task is done by multi national companies that on their own place are so strong and have the status of powerful states. The food sector is in the control of these companies. Ten to twelve strong companies control all sales purchases fix the prices. let us have a look on the strongest multinational company of Switzerland, Glencore that is so powerful financially, if it were a country then it would have been the 24th largest state of the world regarding GDP. Glencore has assets worth $ 61 billion and is the owner of 10 % of wheat, 25 % of sunflower transactions in the world. Moreover, it occupies 50 % of copper, 60 % of zinc,38 % almonium, 28% of coal and 45 % of lead trade in the world market. Kris Hindi the editor of American Magazine "Mining Journal" says that Glencore is among those few companies that does not take prices but fixes prices of the commodities in the world market.
Friday, June 10, 2011
Hybrid Seeds Of Agricultural Commodities-- A Source Of Making Developing States Beggers
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Hybrid seed is a gift of America among many other gifts bestowed on human beings during the last 50-60 years. The first hybrid seed given by USA to developing countries was of maize (corn).During 1930 when famine occurred in several areas of the USA, the farmers planted hybrid maize seeds. No doubt they obtained good grain yields but they became used to it. Hybrid seed is the F1 (Filial 1) generation between the cross of inbred lines that of course produces highest yields. Similarly, hybrid seeds of vegetables, horticultural crops can be produced in this way. But, the inbred lines used in making hybrid seeds is kept secret rather it is a trade secret of the multinational companies. They would not disclose it but themselves produce hybrids for distribution to poor farmers on highest rates every year. However, hybrid seeds are higher yielder they need heavy doses of fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides. In the long run these insecticides and fertilizers have negative impacts on human health through the constituents of chemicals that reach to human body through the use of foods of hybrid seeds. Another disadvantage of these artificial seeds id that the crop needs a lot of irrigation and the diet of these seeds has no vitamins or minerals. Another disadvantage is that they use all the nutrients in soil and disturb the natural balance of soils. All this conspiracy against the people is done by multinational companies not only in other countries but in the USA too. Astonishing is that in the USA hybrid seeds of soybeans, cotton,corn,wheat, sorghum, groundnut are cultivated on 99 % of the agricultural lands.
Hybrid seed is a gift of America among many other gifts bestowed on human beings during the last 50-60 years. The first hybrid seed given by USA to developing countries was of maize (corn).During 1930 when famine occurred in several areas of the USA, the farmers planted hybrid maize seeds. No doubt they obtained good grain yields but they became used to it. Hybrid seed is the F1 (Filial 1) generation between the cross of inbred lines that of course produces highest yields. Similarly, hybrid seeds of vegetables, horticultural crops can be produced in this way. But, the inbred lines used in making hybrid seeds is kept secret rather it is a trade secret of the multinational companies. They would not disclose it but themselves produce hybrids for distribution to poor farmers on highest rates every year. However, hybrid seeds are higher yielder they need heavy doses of fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides. In the long run these insecticides and fertilizers have negative impacts on human health through the constituents of chemicals that reach to human body through the use of foods of hybrid seeds. Another disadvantage of these artificial seeds id that the crop needs a lot of irrigation and the diet of these seeds has no vitamins or minerals. Another disadvantage is that they use all the nutrients in soil and disturb the natural balance of soils. All this conspiracy against the people is done by multinational companies not only in other countries but in the USA too. Astonishing is that in the USA hybrid seeds of soybeans, cotton,corn,wheat, sorghum, groundnut are cultivated on 99 % of the agricultural lands.
Wednesday, June 8, 2011
Tragedic Example Of American Exploitation Of Poor Countries
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The major reason of the poverty in developing countries is that they their natural resources, fertile land, and water and climate produce foods and other usable item for those living in developed countries like USA, Europe, and Japan. How the richest countries are cruel to rhe poorest is clear from the following example. During 1926, loan volume on a Latin American Country Liberia rose to a very high level, American government demanded return of loan, poor Liberain had no money to return the loan. A strange agreement was signed, two Tyre and tubes manufacturing multinational companies, the Firestone and Bridge stone, took the responsibility for the loan for next 40 years and these companies would receive the revenues from customs postal services, and other internal taxes of the Liberian government. Under the agreement, Liberian government handed over one million hectares area ( 4 % of the total area in the country and 10 % of the cultivable land) to the companies for 99 years lease.Companies dislocated the tribal tribes from the land and established rubber farm. Today , these companies are earning billion of dollars but poor Liberian do not get a single penny. The laborers on the farm get only 300 in local currency with no privileges.The companies were paying 5 cents per acre till 2009, however, afterward the rent was increased to 12 dollars per acre.
The major reason of the poverty in developing countries is that they their natural resources, fertile land, and water and climate produce foods and other usable item for those living in developed countries like USA, Europe, and Japan. How the richest countries are cruel to rhe poorest is clear from the following example. During 1926, loan volume on a Latin American Country Liberia rose to a very high level, American government demanded return of loan, poor Liberain had no money to return the loan. A strange agreement was signed, two Tyre and tubes manufacturing multinational companies, the Firestone and Bridge stone, took the responsibility for the loan for next 40 years and these companies would receive the revenues from customs postal services, and other internal taxes of the Liberian government. Under the agreement, Liberian government handed over one million hectares area ( 4 % of the total area in the country and 10 % of the cultivable land) to the companies for 99 years lease.Companies dislocated the tribal tribes from the land and established rubber farm. Today , these companies are earning billion of dollars but poor Liberian do not get a single penny. The laborers on the farm get only 300 in local currency with no privileges.The companies were paying 5 cents per acre till 2009, however, afterward the rent was increased to 12 dollars per acre.
Tuesday, June 7, 2011
MTV Movie Awards For The Third Year
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The MTV Movie Awards are turning into a free infomercial for the “Twilight” movie franchise. For the third year in a row, the vampire romance was named best movie at the light-hearted — and frequently X-rated — salute to Hollywood’s biggest crowd-pleasers. "The Twilight Saga: Eclipse,” which led the field with eight nominations, ended up with five awards. In a replay from last year Robert Pattinson and Kristen Stewart won for best male and female performance, respectively.
The real-life couple won the award for best kiss, which Pattinson celebrated by running into the audience to smooch his co-star Taylor Lautner. Pattinson won an additional prize for best fight sharing the tub of gold popcorn with Bryce Dallas Howard and Xavier Samuel.
With categories such as those, nobody would ever confuse the MTV event with the self-congratulatory Academy Awards. The real point of the show is to promote upcoming buzz worthy movies targeted at MTV’s youthful demographic.
Indeed a sneak preview screened of the fourth “Twilight film, “Breaking Dawn, Part 1,” which opens November 18. Other exclusive clips were shown of the supernatural thriller “Super 8,” which opens Friday, and “Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, Part 2,” which opens July 15. The awards are determined by fans’ online votes, which probably accounts for Justin Bieber’s win in the best jaw dropping moment category for his 3D concert film “Never Say Never.” The Canadian teen idol beat seemingly edgier scenes from such films as “Black Swan” and “127 Hours.” The producers of “The Social Network” probably will not lose too much sleep wondering why Aaron Sorkin’s Oscar-winning script lost the best line from a movie category to the critical bomb “Grown Ups.” The winning quote, “I want to get chocolate wasted,” was uttered by child actress Alexys Nycole Sanchez. The “Gossip Girls” actress, who has denied the self-portraits are of her, came backstage to pose for photos, but refused to answer any questions.
The MTV Movie Awards are turning into a free infomercial for the “Twilight” movie franchise. For the third year in a row, the vampire romance was named best movie at the light-hearted — and frequently X-rated — salute to Hollywood’s biggest crowd-pleasers. "The Twilight Saga: Eclipse,” which led the field with eight nominations, ended up with five awards. In a replay from last year Robert Pattinson and Kristen Stewart won for best male and female performance, respectively.
The real-life couple won the award for best kiss, which Pattinson celebrated by running into the audience to smooch his co-star Taylor Lautner. Pattinson won an additional prize for best fight sharing the tub of gold popcorn with Bryce Dallas Howard and Xavier Samuel.
With categories such as those, nobody would ever confuse the MTV event with the self-congratulatory Academy Awards. The real point of the show is to promote upcoming buzz worthy movies targeted at MTV’s youthful demographic.
Indeed a sneak preview screened of the fourth “Twilight film, “Breaking Dawn, Part 1,” which opens November 18. Other exclusive clips were shown of the supernatural thriller “Super 8,” which opens Friday, and “Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, Part 2,” which opens July 15. The awards are determined by fans’ online votes, which probably accounts for Justin Bieber’s win in the best jaw dropping moment category for his 3D concert film “Never Say Never.” The Canadian teen idol beat seemingly edgier scenes from such films as “Black Swan” and “127 Hours.” The producers of “The Social Network” probably will not lose too much sleep wondering why Aaron Sorkin’s Oscar-winning script lost the best line from a movie category to the critical bomb “Grown Ups.” The winning quote, “I want to get chocolate wasted,” was uttered by child actress Alexys Nycole Sanchez. The “Gossip Girls” actress, who has denied the self-portraits are of her, came backstage to pose for photos, but refused to answer any questions.
Monday, June 6, 2011
Cell Phone Use Classified As Possibly Carcinogenic---WHO
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Using a mobile phone might increase the risk of developing certain types of brain tumors and consumers should consider ways of reducing their exposure, World Health Organization (WHO) cancer experts said.
A working group of 31 scientists from 14 countries meeting at the WHO's International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) said a review of all the available scientific evidence suggested cell phone use should be classified as "possibly carcinogenic."
The classification, which puts mobile phone use in the same broad IARC cancer risk category as lead, chloroform and coffee, could spur the United Nations health body to look again at its guidelines on mobile phones, the scientists said.
But more lengthy and detailed research is needed before a more definitive answer on any link can be given.
The WHO had previously said there was no established evidence for a link between cell phone use and cancer. "After reviewing essentially all the evidence that is relevant the working group classified radiofrequency electromagnetic fields as possibly carcinogenic to humans," Jonathan Samet, chair of the IARC group, said in a tele-briefing.
He said some evidence suggested a link between an increased risk for glioma, a type of brain cancer, and mobile phone use.
Cell phone use has risen hugely since they were introduced in the early 1980s, with 5 billion in use today. And since phones have become such a key part of daily life used by many for Web surfing as well as talking industry experts say a health threat will not stop people using them.
Instead, concerned consumers might opt to buy more accessories such as headsets to reduce the risks, Avian Securities analyst Matthew Thornton said. "It's going to take some compelling argument to change behavior," he said.
The WHO's position has been keenly awaited by mobile phone companies and by campaign groups who have raised concerns about whether cell phones might be harmful to health.
Industry groups immediately sought to play down the decision, stressing the "possibly carcinogenic" category also includes substances such as pickled vegetables and coffee. "This IARC classification does not mean that cell phones cause cancer," said John Walls, vice president of public affairs for the United States-based wireless association CTIA.
He noted the IARC working group did not conduct any new research, but reviewed published studies, and said other regulatory bodies such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration have stated that "the weight of scientific evidence has not linked cell phones with any health problems."
John Cooke, executive director of the British-based Mobile Operators Association, said IARC had only found the possibility of a hazard. "Whether or not this represents a risk requires further scientific investigation," he said in a statement.
PREVIOUS STUDIES INCONCLUSIVE
The IARC remarks follow a study published last year that looked at almost 13,000 cell phone users over 10 years and found no clear answer on whether the mobile devices cause brain tumors.
Many previous studies have also failed to establish any clear cancer link, but a U.S. study in February found that using a mobile phone can change brain cell activity.
IARC director Christopher Wild said it was important that more research be conducted, particularly into long-term and heavy use of mobile phones. "Pending the availability of such information, it is important to take pragmatic measures to reduce exposure such as hands-free devices or texting," he said.
Malcolm Sperrin, director of medical physics and clinical engineering at Britain's Royal Berkshire Hospital, said he thought the IARC move was appropriate because it reflected the "anecdotal evidence that cancers may be associated with phone usage." But he added: "It is vitally important to fully understand that there is no definitive correlation."
Using a mobile phone might increase the risk of developing certain types of brain tumors and consumers should consider ways of reducing their exposure, World Health Organization (WHO) cancer experts said.
A working group of 31 scientists from 14 countries meeting at the WHO's International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) said a review of all the available scientific evidence suggested cell phone use should be classified as "possibly carcinogenic."
The classification, which puts mobile phone use in the same broad IARC cancer risk category as lead, chloroform and coffee, could spur the United Nations health body to look again at its guidelines on mobile phones, the scientists said.
But more lengthy and detailed research is needed before a more definitive answer on any link can be given.
The WHO had previously said there was no established evidence for a link between cell phone use and cancer. "After reviewing essentially all the evidence that is relevant the working group classified radiofrequency electromagnetic fields as possibly carcinogenic to humans," Jonathan Samet, chair of the IARC group, said in a tele-briefing.
He said some evidence suggested a link between an increased risk for glioma, a type of brain cancer, and mobile phone use.
Cell phone use has risen hugely since they were introduced in the early 1980s, with 5 billion in use today. And since phones have become such a key part of daily life used by many for Web surfing as well as talking industry experts say a health threat will not stop people using them.
Instead, concerned consumers might opt to buy more accessories such as headsets to reduce the risks, Avian Securities analyst Matthew Thornton said. "It's going to take some compelling argument to change behavior," he said.
The WHO's position has been keenly awaited by mobile phone companies and by campaign groups who have raised concerns about whether cell phones might be harmful to health.
Industry groups immediately sought to play down the decision, stressing the "possibly carcinogenic" category also includes substances such as pickled vegetables and coffee. "This IARC classification does not mean that cell phones cause cancer," said John Walls, vice president of public affairs for the United States-based wireless association CTIA.
He noted the IARC working group did not conduct any new research, but reviewed published studies, and said other regulatory bodies such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration have stated that "the weight of scientific evidence has not linked cell phones with any health problems."
John Cooke, executive director of the British-based Mobile Operators Association, said IARC had only found the possibility of a hazard. "Whether or not this represents a risk requires further scientific investigation," he said in a statement.
PREVIOUS STUDIES INCONCLUSIVE
The IARC remarks follow a study published last year that looked at almost 13,000 cell phone users over 10 years and found no clear answer on whether the mobile devices cause brain tumors.
Many previous studies have also failed to establish any clear cancer link, but a U.S. study in February found that using a mobile phone can change brain cell activity.
IARC director Christopher Wild said it was important that more research be conducted, particularly into long-term and heavy use of mobile phones. "Pending the availability of such information, it is important to take pragmatic measures to reduce exposure such as hands-free devices or texting," he said.
Malcolm Sperrin, director of medical physics and clinical engineering at Britain's Royal Berkshire Hospital, said he thought the IARC move was appropriate because it reflected the "anecdotal evidence that cancers may be associated with phone usage." But he added: "It is vitally important to fully understand that there is no definitive correlation."
Building Of Permanent Naval Base In Pakistan Declined By China
Chinese National Defence Minister Liang Guanglie has dismissed out-of-court suggestions that Beijing was carving out “a permanent naval presence” in India's neighbourhood in South Asia.
Answering questions at a plenary session of the 10th Asia Security Summit, organised here by the London-based International Institute for Strategic Studies, General Liang disclaimed moves to build naval bases at Gwadar in Pakistan and at a Sri Lankan port.
Emphasising his credentials as a member of the Chinese State Council and Central Military Commission, he said “we will have a very serious and careful study of an issue of such importance to the government and the military” like the reported move for establishing naval bases in Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Indeed, “we will have exact plans and set up a panel to discuss it” if the move were for real. However, “I haven't heard of it,” said General Liang, delivering a calibrated political punch-line.
Asked by Manish Tewari, Congress party's spokesman, to spell out China's core interests in South Asia and the Indian Ocean area, General Liang said: “The core interests include anything that is related to sovereignty, stability, and form of government. China is now pursuing socialism. If there is any attempt to reject this path, it will touch upon China's core interests. Or, if there is any attempt to [encourage] any part of China to secede, that also touches upon China's core interests related to our land, sea, or air. Then, anything that is related to China's national [economic and social] development also touches upon China's core interests.”
On China's military modernization, which the IISS experts see as a politically correct term for an arms build-up or arms race, General Liang said: “We do not have a large arsenal of ‘third generation weapons' or system-platforms. [Henry] Kissinger [former U.S. official] once told me ‘there is a clear gap between the U.S. and China.' Now, China's defense modernization is compatible with its growth. While we focus on economic growth, we are sparing some resources for the development of the military.” He added.
Answering questions at a plenary session of the 10th Asia Security Summit, organised here by the London-based International Institute for Strategic Studies, General Liang disclaimed moves to build naval bases at Gwadar in Pakistan and at a Sri Lankan port.
Emphasising his credentials as a member of the Chinese State Council and Central Military Commission, he said “we will have a very serious and careful study of an issue of such importance to the government and the military” like the reported move for establishing naval bases in Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Indeed, “we will have exact plans and set up a panel to discuss it” if the move were for real. However, “I haven't heard of it,” said General Liang, delivering a calibrated political punch-line.
Asked by Manish Tewari, Congress party's spokesman, to spell out China's core interests in South Asia and the Indian Ocean area, General Liang said: “The core interests include anything that is related to sovereignty, stability, and form of government. China is now pursuing socialism. If there is any attempt to reject this path, it will touch upon China's core interests. Or, if there is any attempt to [encourage] any part of China to secede, that also touches upon China's core interests related to our land, sea, or air. Then, anything that is related to China's national [economic and social] development also touches upon China's core interests.”
On China's military modernization, which the IISS experts see as a politically correct term for an arms build-up or arms race, General Liang said: “We do not have a large arsenal of ‘third generation weapons' or system-platforms. [Henry] Kissinger [former U.S. official] once told me ‘there is a clear gap between the U.S. and China.' Now, China's defense modernization is compatible with its growth. While we focus on economic growth, we are sparing some resources for the development of the military.” He added.
Rihanna Defends A Controversial Video
R&B singer Rihanna has defended a controversial music video that shows her gunning down a man, saying it is a message of empowerment for girls. The singer responded to criticism from the Parents Television Council which claimed that the clip ‘accepts murder’.
“‘Man Down’ is a song about a girl who committed a murder that she regrets and is completely remorseful about it. We needed to go back to why it happened, because obviously she’s not a cold-blooded killer,” she explained.
“It had to be something so offensive, and we decided to hone in on a very serious matter that people are afraid to address, especially if you’ve been victimised in this scenario.”
Rihanna went on to insist that the video actually promotes a positive message, encouraging young girls to “be careful” and remain strong in the face of adversity.
“[I have] been abused in the past, and you don’t see me running around killing people in my spare time,” she said. “I just really want girls to be careful. Have fun, be sassy, be innocent and sweet. Be everything that you are but just try not to be naive.” Rihanna previously insisted that the video for ‘Man Down’ shows the “real world” and that artists should be free to express themselves as they see fit. “Man Down” features Rihanna shooting to death a man who appears in the music video to have assaulted her a day earlier. Media and think tank Industry Ears have attacked the video as an act of calculated murder that will encourage young women to turn to violence. Rihanna told Black Entertainment Television (BET) on Thursday that “Man Down” addresses the topic of rape. The 23 year-old singer was the victim of a violent 2009 physical attack by then boyfriend singer Chris Brown. “Rape is happening all over the world and we continue to cover it up and pretend it doesn’t happen,” Rihanna told BET in an interview.
“Girls are empowered by this I’m just really impressed that my fans get it,” she said. “That was really important to me. This is a story for them.”
“‘Man Down’ is a song about a girl who committed a murder that she regrets and is completely remorseful about it. We needed to go back to why it happened, because obviously she’s not a cold-blooded killer,” she explained.
“It had to be something so offensive, and we decided to hone in on a very serious matter that people are afraid to address, especially if you’ve been victimised in this scenario.”
Rihanna went on to insist that the video actually promotes a positive message, encouraging young girls to “be careful” and remain strong in the face of adversity.
“[I have] been abused in the past, and you don’t see me running around killing people in my spare time,” she said. “I just really want girls to be careful. Have fun, be sassy, be innocent and sweet. Be everything that you are but just try not to be naive.” Rihanna previously insisted that the video for ‘Man Down’ shows the “real world” and that artists should be free to express themselves as they see fit. “Man Down” features Rihanna shooting to death a man who appears in the music video to have assaulted her a day earlier. Media and think tank Industry Ears have attacked the video as an act of calculated murder that will encourage young women to turn to violence. Rihanna told Black Entertainment Television (BET) on Thursday that “Man Down” addresses the topic of rape. The 23 year-old singer was the victim of a violent 2009 physical attack by then boyfriend singer Chris Brown. “Rape is happening all over the world and we continue to cover it up and pretend it doesn’t happen,” Rihanna told BET in an interview.
“Girls are empowered by this I’m just really impressed that my fans get it,” she said. “That was really important to me. This is a story for them.”
Saturday, June 4, 2011
Indian Lobby In Pakistan Wants To Embrace Hindus Whatever The Case May Be
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India (Hindustan) is the country that ha been ruled by Muslims rulers for centuries. Hindus did not want Muslim to have independent country but wanted to dominate them in joint and united India. They wanted to revenge the rule of Muslims in the past. This was the vision and farsightedness of Allama Iqbal and Muhammad Ali Jinnah who knew the nature of Hindus. Therefore, they wanted an independent Islamic country. Allah Almighty succeeded them in to obtain the separate country from two enemies the Britishers and the Hindus. India imposed three wars on Pakistan. Still Hindus are in search of any chance to diminish Pakistan and get hold of its atomic assets or make Pakistanis slave as they had been in the past. But, some Indian lobby in Pakistan intentionally or unintentionally are on the way to fulfill their vested designs. Amn Ki Asha and other dummers and joker's exchange programs are the ways and means through which they are favoring Indian intentions. India wants Pakistanis to forget Kashmir and extend trade and other relations with Hindus.
In addition to three wars between Pakistan and India , a war on though smaller scale but the most costly war is being fought on Siachen Glacier. Siachen is the highest glacier in the world its height ranges from 16000 to 22000 feet. The barren area which is situated in Jammu and Kashmir had been grazing land in normal times.In the corp Commander meeting in the regn of Zia ul Haq it was decided to establish an army post on the Siachen glacier but when the army men reached there it was observed that Indian army had already occupied Siachen , Fight started between the troops though this limited war ended soon but a new chain of confrontation began.
http://ads.clicksor.com/showAlter.php?pid=178125&sid=277446&img=1&adtype=10&cbor=%2399CC33&cbg=%23FFFFFF&clink=%23000000&ctxt=%23666666
India (Hindustan) is the country that ha been ruled by Muslims rulers for centuries. Hindus did not want Muslim to have independent country but wanted to dominate them in joint and united India. They wanted to revenge the rule of Muslims in the past. This was the vision and farsightedness of Allama Iqbal and Muhammad Ali Jinnah who knew the nature of Hindus. Therefore, they wanted an independent Islamic country. Allah Almighty succeeded them in to obtain the separate country from two enemies the Britishers and the Hindus. India imposed three wars on Pakistan. Still Hindus are in search of any chance to diminish Pakistan and get hold of its atomic assets or make Pakistanis slave as they had been in the past. But, some Indian lobby in Pakistan intentionally or unintentionally are on the way to fulfill their vested designs. Amn Ki Asha and other dummers and joker's exchange programs are the ways and means through which they are favoring Indian intentions. India wants Pakistanis to forget Kashmir and extend trade and other relations with Hindus.
In addition to three wars between Pakistan and India , a war on though smaller scale but the most costly war is being fought on Siachen Glacier. Siachen is the highest glacier in the world its height ranges from 16000 to 22000 feet. The barren area which is situated in Jammu and Kashmir had been grazing land in normal times.In the corp Commander meeting in the regn of Zia ul Haq it was decided to establish an army post on the Siachen glacier but when the army men reached there it was observed that Indian army had already occupied Siachen , Fight started between the troops though this limited war ended soon but a new chain of confrontation began.
Alleged Ilyas Kashmiri Of PNS Attack Reportedly Killed In Drone Strike
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An alleged mastermind of PNS Mehran attack and top al-Qaeda operative Ilyas Kashmiri was killed in a US drone strike in South Waziristan near Afghan border on late Friday night. Quoting local sources, BBC reported that a US drone fired four missiles in GhawaKhawa area, some 20 kiliometre southeast of Wana, main town of South Waziristan, killing nine people and injuring several. Local sources said that the militants were taking tea in an apple garden when the attack took place. They said that the bodies of the militants were collected Saturday morning and buried in the nearby graveyard by the local people some of them confirming the death of Ilyas Kahmiri. However the news could not be confirmed from the independent sources as the area was not accessed by the journalists. Quoting an eye witness the BBC says Kashmiri was seen in the area 10 days ago and he arrived in South Waziristan’s Tithyai area with some of his aides. He said that the al-Qaeda commander was among the dead.
An alleged mastermind of PNS Mehran attack and top al-Qaeda operative Ilyas Kashmiri was killed in a US drone strike in South Waziristan near Afghan border on late Friday night. Quoting local sources, BBC reported that a US drone fired four missiles in GhawaKhawa area, some 20 kiliometre southeast of Wana, main town of South Waziristan, killing nine people and injuring several. Local sources said that the militants were taking tea in an apple garden when the attack took place. They said that the bodies of the militants were collected Saturday morning and buried in the nearby graveyard by the local people some of them confirming the death of Ilyas Kahmiri. However the news could not be confirmed from the independent sources as the area was not accessed by the journalists. Quoting an eye witness the BBC says Kashmiri was seen in the area 10 days ago and he arrived in South Waziristan’s Tithyai area with some of his aides. He said that the al-Qaeda commander was among the dead.
Friday, June 3, 2011
Twenty Percent Richest People Of The Developed Countries Use 85 % Of The World Clean Water
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Only 20 % richest people of the developed countries use 85 % water of the world. This water is used in gazers of five-stars hotels that transform into steam and dissolves in the air. Water is wasted in the swimming pools, water parks and other different water luxuries. The water used by an American in 5 minutes during bathing equals to 24 hours use of water by a citizen of poor country. While only 25 % people of the 20 % poorest citizens of the world have facility of tap water. Meanwhile, big multinational companies are occupying the world water reserves. According to an estimate the annual trade of these companies has exceeded $200 million. But they are fulfilling the needs of only 7 % of the world population. In a report issued by WWF in 2006 in Geneva the richest countries were asked to reserve the water and assure the the pollution free water. Report also said that the excess of money does not mean that these countries must be richer in water reservoirs. Report pointed out that the riches countries are using the water of developing countries. Because these countries purchase the items and products e.g. cloth, vegetables and fruits that need plentiful of water on cheaper rates from the developing countries. In another report it was said that Asian and Pacific countries are at the bottom of the list regarding availability of water. Reparts further says that many countries that include India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Maldeve, Azbakistan and Phillipine will have to face the shortage of water due to rise in population and pollution.
Only 20 % richest people of the developed countries use 85 % water of the world. This water is used in gazers of five-stars hotels that transform into steam and dissolves in the air. Water is wasted in the swimming pools, water parks and other different water luxuries. The water used by an American in 5 minutes during bathing equals to 24 hours use of water by a citizen of poor country. While only 25 % people of the 20 % poorest citizens of the world have facility of tap water. Meanwhile, big multinational companies are occupying the world water reserves. According to an estimate the annual trade of these companies has exceeded $200 million. But they are fulfilling the needs of only 7 % of the world population. In a report issued by WWF in 2006 in Geneva the richest countries were asked to reserve the water and assure the the pollution free water. Report also said that the excess of money does not mean that these countries must be richer in water reservoirs. Report pointed out that the riches countries are using the water of developing countries. Because these countries purchase the items and products e.g. cloth, vegetables and fruits that need plentiful of water on cheaper rates from the developing countries. In another report it was said that Asian and Pacific countries are at the bottom of the list regarding availability of water. Reparts further says that many countries that include India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Maldeve, Azbakistan and Phillipine will have to face the shortage of water due to rise in population and pollution.
Thursday, June 2, 2011
World Crisis Of Water Shortage Is Near
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The changes in climate, global warming and their impacts on the earth have taken the world into its grip. Its severity is on the rise with every day passed. some times ago the climatic changes could not het the attention of the people and the world but it is the problem of the world today. The world governments, intellectuals, scientists, environmental experts, and economists all have concerns about the changes inb the climate. This is due to the global warming resulting into climatic changes that cause the drought, floods and rise in the sea level. This crisis will give birth to the shortage of water on the earth. The greater impact of the these changes would be on the reserves of clean water. In September 2010, in an international gathering in the Stockholm in Sweden, more than 2500 delegates from 130 countries participated in and discussed the continuous decline in the standard of water in the world. They agreed that due to increase in world population and industrial development the use of under ground water in increasing, while on the other hand 2 million tons human faeces are thrown in the seas, rivers and lakes. Similarly, in the developing countries 70 % industrial wastes are thrown in water with out passing it through ant chemical process.
The changes in climate, global warming and their impacts on the earth have taken the world into its grip. Its severity is on the rise with every day passed. some times ago the climatic changes could not het the attention of the people and the world but it is the problem of the world today. The world governments, intellectuals, scientists, environmental experts, and economists all have concerns about the changes inb the climate. This is due to the global warming resulting into climatic changes that cause the drought, floods and rise in the sea level. This crisis will give birth to the shortage of water on the earth. The greater impact of the these changes would be on the reserves of clean water. In September 2010, in an international gathering in the Stockholm in Sweden, more than 2500 delegates from 130 countries participated in and discussed the continuous decline in the standard of water in the world. They agreed that due to increase in world population and industrial development the use of under ground water in increasing, while on the other hand 2 million tons human faeces are thrown in the seas, rivers and lakes. Similarly, in the developing countries 70 % industrial wastes are thrown in water with out passing it through ant chemical process.
EdgeOff Bad Memories May Be Taken By Drug
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Blocking a hormone involved in the body's stress response may change the way people remember negative memories, according to a new study.
But it's still unclear exactly how the drug involved works, and if the finding has implications for the treatment of people with conditions like post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
The drug, metyrapone, blocks the stress hormone cortisol and has been used to treat people with diseases related to cortisol production.
But cortisol is also involved in storing and retrieving memories, leading researchers to wonder if tinkering with its levels in the body could change how people recall past events. "We know that (cortisol) is important for memory," Marie-France Marin, the study's lead author from the University of Montreal, told Reuters Health. "Very high levels are bad for your memory, and very low levels are bad for your memory," she explained.
In their research, Marin and her colleagues went for the very low levels, using metyrapone to stop healthy volunteers from producing cortisol.
Those volunteers, 33 young men, were first shown a narrated slide show that had both "neutral" and "emotionally negative" slides.
The slides told the story of a young girl who goes to her grandparents' house. There, she and her grandparents try to build a birdhouse, and the girl gets badly injured, with scenes showing lots of blood and a trip to the operating room. In the end, viewers know that the girl will be okay.
Three days after watching the video, researchers gave the men either a single 750-milligram dose of metyrapone, a double dose, or a drug-free placebo pill. Then they asked them to recall as much information as possible from the story.
Another four days after that, they brought the participants in once more, and without giving them any drugs asked them to recall the story again.
There was no difference in how men who had taken a single dose of metyrapone and those given a placebo remembered the story either time.
But on both occasions, those given a double dose remembered significantly less of the negative emotional components of the story.
For example, men in the placebo group scored between 40 and 50 percent on their second memory test for negative emotional information in the story, compared to about 30 percent in the group given a double metyrapone dose. "The fact that the effects of metyrapone were still evident for four days after that's pretty remarkable," Tony Buchanan, who studies stress and memory at Saint Louis University and was not involved in the study, told Reuters Health.
Both metyrapone groups still recalled the "neutral" information as well as the placebo group.
The investigators who determined how much participants remembered didn't know whether they had taken metyrapone or the placebo, the authors note in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.
Marin and her colleagues believe that once participants were asked to retrieve the memory of the story, those taking the high dose of metyrapone re-stored that memory in a different, less-emotional way probably because cortisol levels were lower at that time.
Though they predicted that people would remember the story differently while under the effects of the drug, they didn't know the memory would still be changed once hormone levels returned to normal. "What was really surprising is that once the memory was sorted in the brain we were able to modify it in a long-lasting manner," Marin said.
Researchers still aren't sure why metyrapone might affect how negative memories, but not neutral ones, are recalled and re-stored, Marin said.
The ultimate goal from this and other studies that have tried to use drugs to alter negative memories is to treat people who are overwhelmed by these memories, such as war veterans suffering from PTSD an idea that still makes some uncomfortable.
According to the National Institute of Mental Health, about 3.5 percent of U.S. adults suffer from PTSD but that rate climbs to up to 20 percent in estimates of veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars.
PTSD is generally treated with psychotherapy, including cognitive behavioral therapy, and some people are also prescribed anti-depressants. Marin said a drug like metyrapone could one day prove helpful for people who don't get better with therapy alone.
But it's not clear yet that a drug that helps people without PTSD remember fewer ugly details in a story will also work for those who experienced the trauma first-hand and have been profoundly affected by that trauma. "We need to see if autobiographical memories are sensitive (to metyrapone) in the same way or not," Marin said.
What's more, "only a small fraction of people exposed to traumatic events experience PTSD," Buchanan said. It's hard to tell if any of those 33 volunteers might have had certain characteristics that would predispose them to PTSD or not, he said.
In people with that predisposition, he said, "you'd imagine there's something different about their brains before the trial," which could affect how they recall negative memories.
Researchers also can't be sure that women would have the same reaction to the drug as men, since only men were used in the study.
Metyrapone, sold under the name Metopirone in the U.S., is currently not on the market, the authors note, so it's important also to study other drugs that may have the same effect.
More research is needed before metyrapone, or similar drugs that block cortisol, can be tested in PTSD patients. But according to Buchanan, the new study "is a great step in that direction."
Blocking a hormone involved in the body's stress response may change the way people remember negative memories, according to a new study.
But it's still unclear exactly how the drug involved works, and if the finding has implications for the treatment of people with conditions like post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
The drug, metyrapone, blocks the stress hormone cortisol and has been used to treat people with diseases related to cortisol production.
But cortisol is also involved in storing and retrieving memories, leading researchers to wonder if tinkering with its levels in the body could change how people recall past events. "We know that (cortisol) is important for memory," Marie-France Marin, the study's lead author from the University of Montreal, told Reuters Health. "Very high levels are bad for your memory, and very low levels are bad for your memory," she explained.
In their research, Marin and her colleagues went for the very low levels, using metyrapone to stop healthy volunteers from producing cortisol.
Those volunteers, 33 young men, were first shown a narrated slide show that had both "neutral" and "emotionally negative" slides.
The slides told the story of a young girl who goes to her grandparents' house. There, she and her grandparents try to build a birdhouse, and the girl gets badly injured, with scenes showing lots of blood and a trip to the operating room. In the end, viewers know that the girl will be okay.
Three days after watching the video, researchers gave the men either a single 750-milligram dose of metyrapone, a double dose, or a drug-free placebo pill. Then they asked them to recall as much information as possible from the story.
Another four days after that, they brought the participants in once more, and without giving them any drugs asked them to recall the story again.
There was no difference in how men who had taken a single dose of metyrapone and those given a placebo remembered the story either time.
But on both occasions, those given a double dose remembered significantly less of the negative emotional components of the story.
For example, men in the placebo group scored between 40 and 50 percent on their second memory test for negative emotional information in the story, compared to about 30 percent in the group given a double metyrapone dose. "The fact that the effects of metyrapone were still evident for four days after that's pretty remarkable," Tony Buchanan, who studies stress and memory at Saint Louis University and was not involved in the study, told Reuters Health.
Both metyrapone groups still recalled the "neutral" information as well as the placebo group.
The investigators who determined how much participants remembered didn't know whether they had taken metyrapone or the placebo, the authors note in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.
Marin and her colleagues believe that once participants were asked to retrieve the memory of the story, those taking the high dose of metyrapone re-stored that memory in a different, less-emotional way probably because cortisol levels were lower at that time.
Though they predicted that people would remember the story differently while under the effects of the drug, they didn't know the memory would still be changed once hormone levels returned to normal. "What was really surprising is that once the memory was sorted in the brain we were able to modify it in a long-lasting manner," Marin said.
Researchers still aren't sure why metyrapone might affect how negative memories, but not neutral ones, are recalled and re-stored, Marin said.
The ultimate goal from this and other studies that have tried to use drugs to alter negative memories is to treat people who are overwhelmed by these memories, such as war veterans suffering from PTSD an idea that still makes some uncomfortable.
According to the National Institute of Mental Health, about 3.5 percent of U.S. adults suffer from PTSD but that rate climbs to up to 20 percent in estimates of veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars.
PTSD is generally treated with psychotherapy, including cognitive behavioral therapy, and some people are also prescribed anti-depressants. Marin said a drug like metyrapone could one day prove helpful for people who don't get better with therapy alone.
But it's not clear yet that a drug that helps people without PTSD remember fewer ugly details in a story will also work for those who experienced the trauma first-hand and have been profoundly affected by that trauma. "We need to see if autobiographical memories are sensitive (to metyrapone) in the same way or not," Marin said.
What's more, "only a small fraction of people exposed to traumatic events experience PTSD," Buchanan said. It's hard to tell if any of those 33 volunteers might have had certain characteristics that would predispose them to PTSD or not, he said.
In people with that predisposition, he said, "you'd imagine there's something different about their brains before the trial," which could affect how they recall negative memories.
Researchers also can't be sure that women would have the same reaction to the drug as men, since only men were used in the study.
Metyrapone, sold under the name Metopirone in the U.S., is currently not on the market, the authors note, so it's important also to study other drugs that may have the same effect.
More research is needed before metyrapone, or similar drugs that block cortisol, can be tested in PTSD patients. But according to Buchanan, the new study "is a great step in that direction."
Ministry Of Religious Affaiars Must Facilitate Intending Hajis
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The corruption scandal of last year Haj season has not been decided yet neither the culprits have sentenced. The new Haj season is nearing forms are being processed and booking by private tour operators continued. The government offers a green card package that costs Rs. 0.222 million that according to religious affairs will provide accommodation with 1000 meters from Haram Pak but it is known that due to the expansion in the premises of Haram, even green card holders would not be provided accommodation as promised but may be 7-10 km away. Why the department of religious affairs makes false promises to Hajis. There would be great trouble for the intending hajis this season too. Other thing is that there is a space in the application form to get medical certificate from qualified doctor that the applicant is fit for haj journey, or needs helper or uses wheel chair. In the government hospitals doctors pay no attenttion to the intending hajis nor they like to fill the forms and make excuses of unavailability of office or designation stamp. But , actually doctors do not like to sign with out fee and here they can not get fees. Even after 3-4 hours roaming in different wards of hospitals intending hajis return back with out getting certificate. Whose is responsible for this trouble and difficulties to hajis. The Religious Affairs must designate doctors in hospitals and pay them fee or hajis can pay the fees and may get certificate easily. What is the religious affairs for? Though all the institutions of A country called Pakistan have been destroyed and no department works properly. What will be the future of a country like this complete destruction? slavery? Though it is slave now too but will be more like Muslims in India are.
The corruption scandal of last year Haj season has not been decided yet neither the culprits have sentenced. The new Haj season is nearing forms are being processed and booking by private tour operators continued. The government offers a green card package that costs Rs. 0.222 million that according to religious affairs will provide accommodation with 1000 meters from Haram Pak but it is known that due to the expansion in the premises of Haram, even green card holders would not be provided accommodation as promised but may be 7-10 km away. Why the department of religious affairs makes false promises to Hajis. There would be great trouble for the intending hajis this season too. Other thing is that there is a space in the application form to get medical certificate from qualified doctor that the applicant is fit for haj journey, or needs helper or uses wheel chair. In the government hospitals doctors pay no attenttion to the intending hajis nor they like to fill the forms and make excuses of unavailability of office or designation stamp. But , actually doctors do not like to sign with out fee and here they can not get fees. Even after 3-4 hours roaming in different wards of hospitals intending hajis return back with out getting certificate. Whose is responsible for this trouble and difficulties to hajis. The Religious Affairs must designate doctors in hospitals and pay them fee or hajis can pay the fees and may get certificate easily. What is the religious affairs for? Though all the institutions of A country called Pakistan have been destroyed and no department works properly. What will be the future of a country like this complete destruction? slavery? Though it is slave now too but will be more like Muslims in India are.
Wednesday, June 1, 2011
Us Refuses Sale Of Harpoon Missiles To Pakistan---Wikileaks
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While the US cleared billions of dollars’ worth arms sales to Pakistan for the fight against terror, including advanced F 16 fighters, it refused the sale of a crucial advanced missile technology due to concerns that it could be used to target India.
A request by Islamabad to procure an advanced Harpoon missile system was turned down in 2009 after Washington determined that it would threaten India, latest diplomatic cables released by WikiLeaks reveal.
According to Indian media, in a cable dated March 18, 2009, US Ambassador Anne W Patterson justified the sale of F 16 fighters to Pakistan, holding that it was not a threat as India has an overwhelming aerial superiority, and went on to say that Washington has occassionally denied “Pakistani requests for arms sales that could upset the regional balance of power”.
As an example, the cable quotes a decision taken in February 2009 turning down the request for the advanced Harpoon missile system. The reason given is that the new system would enable Pakistan to target the Indian coastline and would not have any use in the war against terror.“We have and will deny arms sales that we believe would upset the regional balance of power, as we have with the recent GOP (Government of Pakistan) request to buy the Coastal Targeting Suppression System, which enables Harpoon missiles to be fired at land or near-land targets using GPS technology,” reads the cable titled “Saving the F 16 Program”.
While the US cleared billions of dollars’ worth arms sales to Pakistan for the fight against terror, including advanced F 16 fighters, it refused the sale of a crucial advanced missile technology due to concerns that it could be used to target India.
A request by Islamabad to procure an advanced Harpoon missile system was turned down in 2009 after Washington determined that it would threaten India, latest diplomatic cables released by WikiLeaks reveal.
According to Indian media, in a cable dated March 18, 2009, US Ambassador Anne W Patterson justified the sale of F 16 fighters to Pakistan, holding that it was not a threat as India has an overwhelming aerial superiority, and went on to say that Washington has occassionally denied “Pakistani requests for arms sales that could upset the regional balance of power”.
As an example, the cable quotes a decision taken in February 2009 turning down the request for the advanced Harpoon missile system. The reason given is that the new system would enable Pakistan to target the Indian coastline and would not have any use in the war against terror.“We have and will deny arms sales that we believe would upset the regional balance of power, as we have with the recent GOP (Government of Pakistan) request to buy the Coastal Targeting Suppression System, which enables Harpoon missiles to be fired at land or near-land targets using GPS technology,” reads the cable titled “Saving the F 16 Program”.
The Environment-Friendly Asim Of Pakistan
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39 yea Asim Bakhsh who is the head of a group of companies whether he goes to office or for play he drives luxury cars. He earns million of dollars annually. His lovely daughter, who loves nature and clean environment, brought a revolution in his life with a question to dad that whether he was involved in any step that could cause increase in global warming. When he studied the articles in magazines and newspapers about the preservation of environment he realized that he was in those persons who cause global warming directly or indirectly. He started thinking how could he play his role in preserving the natural environment in Pakistan. He came to the conclusion that he could work on alternative energy resources that can help in the maintenance of clean environment. He knew that 43 % of Pakistanis have no electricity. After some doing research work he could know that nature has bestowed Pakistan with surplus solar energy. So he established "Bakhsh Energy" Initially Asim provided the villagers solar lanterns. Then he imported solar pumps because many farmers use pumps for irrigation in Pakistan. Traditionally, in Pakistan, the pumps are run by diesel generators that are too costly and environment-enemy due to expulsion of smoke. He calculate the cost of tube well for irrigation that could be run by solar energy that was Rs. 0.825 million but it was encouraging that this tube-well would return its cost value within two years. The farmers could not afford this much money. So, he started giving them loans on soft terms. He wishes that Pakistan could fulfill its 5 % electricity requirement with the use of solar energy within next 10 years. For this he plans to instal electrical power houses and construct dams that will use solar energy. He says that to generate 5 % electricity requirements in Pakistan need 8 million oil that is spent in foreign exchange. If we could save this foreign exchange and generate electricity using solar energy that will in keeping the environment free of pollution.
39 yea Asim Bakhsh who is the head of a group of companies whether he goes to office or for play he drives luxury cars. He earns million of dollars annually. His lovely daughter, who loves nature and clean environment, brought a revolution in his life with a question to dad that whether he was involved in any step that could cause increase in global warming. When he studied the articles in magazines and newspapers about the preservation of environment he realized that he was in those persons who cause global warming directly or indirectly. He started thinking how could he play his role in preserving the natural environment in Pakistan. He came to the conclusion that he could work on alternative energy resources that can help in the maintenance of clean environment. He knew that 43 % of Pakistanis have no electricity. After some doing research work he could know that nature has bestowed Pakistan with surplus solar energy. So he established "Bakhsh Energy" Initially Asim provided the villagers solar lanterns. Then he imported solar pumps because many farmers use pumps for irrigation in Pakistan. Traditionally, in Pakistan, the pumps are run by diesel generators that are too costly and environment-enemy due to expulsion of smoke. He calculate the cost of tube well for irrigation that could be run by solar energy that was Rs. 0.825 million but it was encouraging that this tube-well would return its cost value within two years. The farmers could not afford this much money. So, he started giving them loans on soft terms. He wishes that Pakistan could fulfill its 5 % electricity requirement with the use of solar energy within next 10 years. For this he plans to instal electrical power houses and construct dams that will use solar energy. He says that to generate 5 % electricity requirements in Pakistan need 8 million oil that is spent in foreign exchange. If we could save this foreign exchange and generate electricity using solar energy that will in keeping the environment free of pollution.
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